Help:Tables

Tables may be authored in wiki pages using either XHTML table elements directly, or using wikicode formatting to define the table. XHTML table elements and their use are well described on various web pages and will not be discussed here. The benefit of wikicode is that the table is constructed of character symbols which tend to make it easier to perceive the table structure in the article editing view compared to XHTML table elements.

As a general rule, it is best to avoid using a table unless you need one. Table markup often complicates page editing.

Wiki table markup summary

 * The above marks must start on a new line except the double  and   for optionally adding consecutive cells to a line. However, blank spaces at the beginning of a line are ignored.
 * XHTML attributes: each mark, except table end, optionally accepts one or more XHTML attributes. Attributes must be on the same line as the mark. Separate attributes from each other with a single space.
 * Cells and caption ( or ,   or  , and  ) hold content. So separate any attributes from content with a single pipe . Cell content may follow on same line or on following lines.
 * Table and row marks ( and  ) do not directly hold content. Do not add pipe  after their optional attributes. If you erroneously add a pipe after attributes for the table mark or row mark the parser will delete it and your final attribute if it was touching the erroneous pipe!
 * Content: may (a) follow its cell mark on the same line after any optional XHTML attributes or (b) on lines below the cell mark. Content that uses wiki markup that itself needs to start on a new line, such as lists, headings, or nested tables, must be on its own new line.
 * Pipe character as content: To insert a pipe character into a table use the   escaping markup

Basic table markup
The following table lacks borders and good spacing but shows the simplest wiki markup table structure.

{| class="va-table-full va-table-top" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" ! style="width: 50%;" | You type ! style="width: 50%;" | You get
 * style="padding: 1em 0.5em;" |


 * }

The cells in the same row can be listed on one line separated by two pipe symbols. If the text in the cell contains a line break, use  instead.

{| class="va-table-full va-table-top" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" ! style="width: 50%;" | You type ! style="width: 50%;" | You get
 * style="padding: 1em 0.5em;" |


 * }

Extra spaces within cells in the wiki markup, as in the wiki markup below, do not affect the actual table rendering.

{| class="va-table-full va-table-top" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" ! style="width: 50%;" | You type ! style="width: 50%;" | You get
 * style="padding: 1em 0.5em;" |


 * }

You can have longer text or more complex wiki syntax inside table cells, too:

{| class="va-table-full va-table-top" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" ! style="width: 50%;" | You type ! style="width: 50%;" | You get
 * style="padding: 1em 0.5em;" |


 * }

Table headers
Table headers can be created by using exclamation mark instead of pipe symbol. Headers usually show up bold and centered by default.


 * Note: When using attributes as in the heading 'Item' a vertical bar ' is used for separation. Not an exclamation character '.

Caption
A table caption can be added to the top of any table as follows.

XHTML attributes
You can add XHTML attributes to tables. For the authoritative source on these, see the W3C's HTML 4.01 Specification page on tables.

Attributes on tables
Placing attributes after the table start tag applies attributes to the entire table.

{| class="va-table-full va-table-top" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" ! style="width: 50%;" | You type ! style="width: 50%;" | You get 
 * style="padding: 1em 0.5em;" |


 * }

Attributes on cells
You can put attributes on individual cells. For example, numbers may look better aligned right.

You can also use cell attributes when you are listing multiple cells on a single line. Note that the cells are separated by two pipe symbols, and within each cell the attribute(s) and value are separated by pipe symbol.

{| class="va-table-full va-table-top" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" ! style="width: 50%;" | You type ! style="width: 50%;" | You get 
 * style="padding: 1em 0.5em;" |


 * }

Attributes on rows
You can put attributes on individual rows, too.

{| class="va-table-full va-table-top" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" ! style="width: 50%;" | You type ! style="width: 50%;" | You get 
 * style="padding: 1em 0.5em;" |


 * }

Simple one-pixel table border
The default table formatting uses the  model, which adds table cell spacing (which also separates the table outer border from its content cells). Even with a zero cellspacing, the borders of consecutive cells (and of the overall table container) will add up, so to get a one-pixel separation between cells, you need to selectively remove one or more of the four borders of cells.

Such tables may be formatted more simply, using the  CSS property; in this table formatting model, the cellspacing attribute (or the CSS   property) and the table's   CSS property is ignored and only the larger border of adjacent inner cells (or the table border for outer cells) will be used.

An example of the above for one-pixel table border, using each model (without need for external extensions):

{| class="va-table-full va-table-top" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" ! style="width: 50%;" | You type ! style="width: 50%;" | You get  
 * style="padding: 1em 0.5em;" |
 * style="padding: 1em 0.5em;" |


 * }
 * When using the "border-width:" CSS shortcut property, the order of the four space-separated specified values is: top, right, bottom, left. As an example from above:  When there are fewer than 4 values, the value for left takes its default from the value for right, the value for bottom takes its default from the value for top, and the value for right takes its default from the value for top.
 * The HTML attributes (such as,  ,  , and  ) do not need any length unit (the pixel unit is assumed). The CSS style properties (which override the HTML attributes) require an explicit length unit (if the value is not 0) such as   for the pixel.

HTML colspan and rowspan
You can use HTML  and   attributes on cells for advanced layout.

{| class="va-table-full va-table-top" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" ! style="width: 50%;" | You type ! style="width: 50%;" | You get 
 * style="padding: 1em 0.5em;" |


 * }

With HTML attributes and CSS styles
CSS style attributes can be added with or without other HTML attributes.

{| class="va-table-full va-table-top" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" ! style="width: 50%;" | You type ! style="width: 50%;" | You get 
 * style="padding: 1em 0.5em;" |


 * }

Attributes
Attributes can be added to the caption and headers as follows.

{| class="va-table-full va-table-top" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" ! style="width: 50%;" | You type ! style="width: 50%;" | You get 
 * style="padding: 1em 0.5em;" |


 * }

Column width
Column width can be added as follows.

Accessibility of table header cells
Table header cells do not explicitly specify which table data cells they apply to (those on their right on the same row, or those below them on the same column). When the table is rendered in a visual 2D environment, this is usually easy to infer.

However when tables are rendered on non-visual medias, you can help the browser to determine which table header cell applies to the description of any selected cell (in order to repeat its content in some accessibility helper) using a  or   attribute on table header cells. In most cases with simple tables, you'll use  on all header cells of the first row, and   on the first cell of the following rows:

{| class="va-table-full va-table-top" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" ! style="width: 50%;" | You type ! style="width: 50%;" | You get 
 * style="padding: 1em 0.5em;" |


 * }

Negative numbers
If you start a cell on a new line with a negative number with a minus sign (or a parameter that evaluates to a negative number), your table can get broken, because the characters  will be parsed as the wiki markup for table row, not table cell. To avoid this, insert a space before the value or use in-line cell markup.

CSS vs Attributes
Table borders specified through CSS rather than the border attribute will render incorrectly in a small subset of text browsers.

Common attributes for columns, column groups and row groups
The MediaWiki syntax for tables currently offers no support for specifying common attributes for columns (with the HTML element ), column groups (HTML element  ) and row groups (HTML elements ,   and  ). Those standard HTML elements are not accepted even in their HTML or XHTML syntax.

All the rows and cells (header or data) of the table are rendered within a single implicit row group (HTML element ) without any attributes or styles.

Table classes
These classes can be assigned to the table itself.

Row classes
These classes can be assigned to individual rows.